Packet #28479600 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Pozuelo (POZ1) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	28479600
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x8555a946` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC
From Node:	Pozuelo (POZ1)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	GRN1-Base🗼🌐 🔋 (GRN1)
Channel:	MediumFast
RSSI:	-99 dBm
SNR:	-0.25 dBm
Hop Info:	1/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 2
Relay Node:	`b0` Vbm , 26b0 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!43b706e8
Channel:	MediumFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	1 / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
+ 1 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!43b706e8` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`MediumFast`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1770271252` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`2` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`1` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-99.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-0.25` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1766062606` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`176` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1766062608.2269933` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!43b706e8`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -99.0 dBm SNR: -0.25 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!43b706e8", "channel_id": "MediumFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770271252, "to": 4294967295, "id": 2236983622, "rx_time": 1766062606, "rx_snr": -0.25, "rx_rssi": -99, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 176, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
GRN1-Base🗼🌐 🔋 (GRN1) Primary	0.000s Reference	-99.0 dBm	-0.25 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	Current
Pozuelo (POZ1)	-0.868s Before	Unknown	Unknown	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:47 UTC	View
Meshtastic 26b0 (26b0)	-0.523s Before	-105.0 dBm	-6.25 dB	0	`14` POZ1 , Bssr	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:47 UTC	View
Ocumare Norte🗼🌐 (RRN)	-0.300s Before	-106.0 dBm	-11.25 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:47 UTC	View
XiaoWatt c4c8 🌐🔌 (c4c8)	-0.245s Before	-76.0 dBm	9.00 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:47 UTC	View
🎄 SkG@Home 📡🌐 (SkGH)	+0.140s After	-102.0 dBm	-11.25 dB	1	`aa` CR1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
[samsepi0l] 📡🌐 (tlg0)	+0.257s After	-82.0 dBm	8.00 dB	2	`fc` 74fc , Anu2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Meshtastic b2b4📡🌐 (b2b4)	+0.295s After	-106.0 dBm	-5.00 dB	2	`2d` SkyB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Karabanchel_Baldur (KarB)	+0.298s After	-93.0 dBm	2.00 dB	2	`2d` SkyB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Wake Up, Neo...📡 (NEO)	+0.436s After	-100.0 dBm	-5.75 dB	1	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
g1bal (g1b0)	+0.441s After	-105.0 dBm	-9.00 dB	1	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
🤖 Nicolas Cage 🌐 (Cage)	+0.501s After	-66.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`2d` SkyB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Skynet (Sky)	+0.515s After	-36.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`2d` SkyB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Justicia Meshtastic b0e4 🏢 (b0e4)	+0.518s After	-116.0 dBm	-10.25 dB	1	`25` 🌇	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
JAGO1_Cañaveral (JAGO)	+0.556s After	Unknown	10.25 dB	2	`70` JAG2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
tizon (Sylv)	+0.564s After	-115.0 dBm	-6.25 dB	2	`2d` SkyB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
Villarejo01 (VIL1)	+0.715s After	-118.0 dBm	-14.25 dB	1	`61` TO1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:48 UTC	View
🏔️Cerro del Aire🏔️_ b03c (CDA)	+1.041s After	-118.0 dBm	-7.25 dB	1	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:49 UTC	View
Eagle’s Nest (EAGL)	+1.209s After	-109.0 dBm	0.25 dB	2	`74`	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:49 UTC	View
ETH Goose (ET03)	+1.528s After	-30.0 dBm	11.50 dB	2	`41` ET01	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:49 UTC	View
X Wing 🚀 Kenobi (Knb2)	+2.115s After	-111.0 dBm	-5.00 dB	1	`aa` CR1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:50 UTC	View
PXT_Home (PXT1)	+3.293s After	-113.0 dBm	-5.00 dB	3	`a4` HelB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:56:51 UTC	View
Meshtastic 1760 (1760)	+23.886s After	-114.0 dBm	4.25 dB	3	`40` AldB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 12:57:12 UTC	View

23

Total Receptions

23

Unique Gateways