Packet #28012732 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Pozuelo (POZ1) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	28012732
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xe468b6e1` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC
From Node:	Pozuelo (POZ1)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	EA4GGL (4GGL)
Channel:	MediumFast
RSSI:	-127 dBm
SNR:	-12.75 dBm
Hop Info:	0/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 3
Relay Node:	`14` POZ1 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!93879824
Channel:	MediumFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!93879824` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`MediumFast`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1770271252` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`3` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-127.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-12.75` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1765878236` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`20` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1765878239.0861347` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!93879824`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -127.0 dBm SNR: -12.75 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!93879824", "channel_id": "MediumFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770271252, "to": 4294967295, "id": 3832067809, "rx_time": 1765878236, "rx_snr": -12.75, "rx_rssi": -127, "hop_limit": 3, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 20, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
EA4GGL (4GGL) Primary	0.000s Reference	-127.0 dBm	-12.75 dB	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	Current
Pozuelo (POZ1)	-0.457s Before	Unknown	Unknown	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:58 UTC	View
Meshtastic 26b0 (26b0)	-0.266s Before	-103.0 dBm	-8.75 dB	0	`14` POZ1 , Bssr	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:58 UTC	View
XiaoWatt c4c8 🌐🔌 (c4c8)	+0.010s After	-79.0 dBm	3.50 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
Meshtastic 1760 (1760)	+0.276s After	-134.0 dBm	-13.00 dB	1	`b0` 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
Villalbilla02 (VBV2)	+0.311s After	-121.0 dBm	-11.75 dB	1	`b0` 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
GRN1-Base🗼🌐 🔋 (GRN1)	+0.335s After	-98.0 dBm	1.75 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
Meshtastic 18a4 (18a4)	+0.481s After	Unknown	Unknown	2	`60` 1760	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
JAGO1_Cañaveral (JAGO)	+0.863s After	-121.0 dBm	-11.50 dB	2	`b0` Vbm , PUPM , 26b0	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
Aldinra_1640_🗼_🌐 (AldB)	+0.894s After	-109.0 dBm	-0.75 dB	3	`a4` 18a4	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
Wake Up, Neo...📡 (NEO)	+0.900s After	-107.0 dBm	-12.25 dB	2	`08`	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:43:59 UTC	View
[samsepi0l] 📡🌐 (tlg0)	+0.915s After	-74.0 dBm	10.00 dB	2	`fc` 74fc , Anu2	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
Rodashtastic🗼🌐 (RDSt)	+1.162s After	-116.0 dBm	-9.00 dB	2	`e8` GRN1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
P3 iGate 🏠🌐 (P3N2)	+1.317s After	-36.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`25` P3N1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
PXT_Home (PXT1)	+1.558s After	-111.0 dBm	-9.25 dB	3	`a4` HelB	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
ETH Maverick (ET01)	+1.728s After	-90.0 dBm	7.75 dB	3	`72` Knb1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
ETH Goose (ET03)	+1.886s After	-114.0 dBm	-11.75 dB	3	`72` Knb1	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:00 UTC	View
Villarejo01 (VIL1)	+3.115s After	-35.0 dBm	10.50 dB	2	`c6` d5c6	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:02 UTC	View
Quixote_JS8_5🗼🌐 (QXT5)	+3.956s After	-116.0 dBm	-10.00 dB	3	-	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:03 UTC	View
Quixote_JS8_7 (QXT7)	+3.959s After	-19.0 dBm	10.75 dB	3	-	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:03 UTC	View
Eagle’s Nest (EAGL)	+4.687s After	-94.0 dBm	11.25 dB	2	`03` SMR5	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:03 UTC	View
Ortem 🚀 ☀ (2b88)	+6.407s After	-96.0 dBm	-2.75 dB	3	`90` NEO , Bsnr	MediumFast	2025-12-16 09:44:05 UTC	View

22

Total Receptions

22

Unique Gateways