Packet #28402199 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Pozuelo (POZ1) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	28402199
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x273936cf` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC
From Node:	Pozuelo (POZ1)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	Venturada2 🗼🌞 (Vb2)
Channel:	MediumFast
RSSI:	-108 dBm
SNR:	-9.5 dBm
Hop Info:	0/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 3
Relay Node:	`14` POZ1 , Bssr Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!a03526b0
Channel:	MediumFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!a03526b0` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`MediumFast`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1770271252` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`3` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-108.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-9.50` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1766031088` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`20` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1766031089.2164822` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!a03526b0`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -108.0 dBm SNR: -9.50 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!a03526b0", "channel_id": "MediumFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770271252, "to": 4294967295, "id": 658061007, "rx_time": 1766031088, "rx_snr": -9.5, "rx_rssi": -108, "hop_limit": 3, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 20, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
Venturada2 🗼🌞 (Vb2) Primary	0.000s Reference	-108.0 dBm	-9.50 dB	0	`14` POZ1 , Bssr	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	Current
Pozuelo (POZ1)	+0.034s After	Unknown	Unknown	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Ocumare Norte🗼🌐 (RRN)	+0.228s After	-104.0 dBm	-8.25 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
🎄 SkG@Home 📡🌐 (SkGH)	+0.235s After	-105.0 dBm	-14.00 dB	1	`b0` Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
[samsepi0l] 📡🌐 (tlg0)	+0.252s After	-101.0 dBm	-9.00 dB	1	`b0` PUPM , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
EA4GGL (4GGL)	+0.267s After	-130.0 dBm	-11.50 dB	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
XiaoWatt c4c8 🌐🔌 (c4c8)	+0.290s After	-79.0 dBm	8.00 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
GRN1-Base🗼🌐 🔋 (GRN1)	+0.526s After	-100.0 dBm	4.75 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Mec Rocket Meco (MRM)	+0.626s After	-115.0 dBm	-13.00 dB	2	`c0` sdAh	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Wake Up, Neo...📡 (NEO)	+0.860s After	-101.0 dBm	-5.25 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Karabanchel_Baldur (KarB)	+0.864s After	-113.0 dBm	-11.50 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
JAGO1_Cañaveral (JAGO)	+0.909s After	Unknown	12.25 dB	2	`70` JAG2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Meshtastic 1760 (1760)	+1.146s After	-115.0 dBm	1.50 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Meshtastic b2b4📡🌐 (b2b4)	+1.288s After	-116.0 dBm	-11.75 dB	3	`88` KarB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
🤖 Nicolas Cage 🌐 (Cage)	+1.484s After	-120.0 dBm	-10.25 dB	3	`88` KarB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Fenix (FENX)	+1.495s After	-119.0 dBm	-12.00 dB	3	`88` KarB , FENX	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Zion 🗼 (Zion)	+1.500s After	-112.0 dBm	-7.75 dB	3	`85` FTO1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
P3 iGate 🏠🌐 (P3N2)	+1.716s After	-38.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`25` P3N1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
ETH Maverick (ET01)	+1.778s After	-105.0 dBm	-5.00 dB	1	`61` TO1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
g1bal (g1b0)	+1.875s After	-104.0 dBm	-10.00 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Meshtastic 18a4 (18a4)	+2.414s After	-60.0 dBm	10.00 dB	3	`60` 1760	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Aldinra_1640_🗼_🌐 (AldB)	+2.468s After	-103.0 dBm	3.25 dB	3	`60` 1760	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
ETH Goose (ET03)	+2.614s After	-44.0 dBm	10.25 dB	2	`41` ET01	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Eagle’s Nest (EAGL)	+2.652s After	-114.0 dBm	-3.50 dB	2	`74`	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Villarejo01 (VIL1)	+3.067s After	-36.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`c6` d5c6	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:32 UTC	View
Quass001 ☄️ (Q001)	+3.159s After	-50.0 dBm	10.25 dB	3	`3a` Q005	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:32 UTC	View
X Wing 🚀 Kenobi (Knb2)	+8.911s After	-37.0 dBm	11.50 dB	3	`b5` Knb0	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:38 UTC	View

27

Total Receptions

27

Unique Gateways