Packet #28402207 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Pozuelo (POZ1) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	28402207
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x273936cf` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC
From Node:	Pozuelo (POZ1)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	Mec Rocket Meco (MRM)
Channel:	MediumFast
RSSI:	-115 dBm
SNR:	-13.0 dBm
Hop Info:	2/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 1
Relay Node:	`c0` sdAh Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!a0ca8798
Channel:	MediumFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	2 / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
+ 1 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!a0ca8798` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`MediumFast`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1770271252` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`1` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`2` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-115.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-13.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1766031089` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`192` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1766031089.8421345` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: MediumFast
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!a0ca8798`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -115.0 dBm SNR: -13.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!a0ca8798", "channel_id": "MediumFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1770271252, "to": 4294967295, "id": 658061007, "rx_time": 1766031089, "rx_snr": -13.0, "rx_rssi": -115, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 192, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
Mec Rocket Meco (MRM) Primary	0.000s Reference	-115.0 dBm	-13.00 dB	2	`c0` sdAh	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	Current
Venturada2 🗼🌞 (Vb2)	-0.626s Before	-108.0 dBm	-9.50 dB	0	`14` POZ1 , Bssr	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Pozuelo (POZ1)	-0.591s Before	Unknown	Unknown	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Ocumare Norte🗼🌐 (RRN)	-0.398s Before	-104.0 dBm	-8.25 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
🎄 SkG@Home 📡🌐 (SkGH)	-0.391s Before	-105.0 dBm	-14.00 dB	1	`b0` Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
[samsepi0l] 📡🌐 (tlg0)	-0.373s Before	-101.0 dBm	-9.00 dB	1	`b0` PUPM , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
EA4GGL (4GGL)	-0.359s Before	-130.0 dBm	-11.50 dB	0	`14` POZ1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
XiaoWatt c4c8 🌐🔌 (c4c8)	-0.336s Before	-79.0 dBm	8.00 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
GRN1-Base🗼🌐 🔋 (GRN1)	-0.100s Before	-100.0 dBm	4.75 dB	1	`b0` Vbm , Vb2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:29 UTC	View
Wake Up, Neo...📡 (NEO)	+0.235s After	-101.0 dBm	-5.25 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Karabanchel_Baldur (KarB)	+0.238s After	-113.0 dBm	-11.50 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
JAGO1_Cañaveral (JAGO)	+0.283s After	Unknown	12.25 dB	2	`70` JAG2	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Meshtastic 1760 (1760)	+0.521s After	-115.0 dBm	1.50 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Meshtastic b2b4📡🌐 (b2b4)	+0.662s After	-116.0 dBm	-11.75 dB	3	`88` KarB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
🤖 Nicolas Cage 🌐 (Cage)	+0.859s After	-120.0 dBm	-10.25 dB	3	`88` KarB	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Fenix (FENX)	+0.869s After	-119.0 dBm	-12.00 dB	3	`88` KarB , FENX	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
Zion 🗼 (Zion)	+0.874s After	-112.0 dBm	-7.75 dB	3	`85` FTO1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
P3 iGate 🏠🌐 (P3N2)	+1.090s After	-38.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`25` P3N1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
ETH Maverick (ET01)	+1.152s After	-105.0 dBm	-5.00 dB	1	`61` TO1	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:30 UTC	View
g1bal (g1b0)	+1.249s After	-104.0 dBm	-10.00 dB	2	`f5` RPT4	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Meshtastic 18a4 (18a4)	+1.789s After	-60.0 dBm	10.00 dB	3	`60` 1760	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Aldinra_1640_🗼_🌐 (AldB)	+1.843s After	-103.0 dBm	3.25 dB	3	`60` 1760	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
ETH Goose (ET03)	+1.988s After	-44.0 dBm	10.25 dB	2	`41` ET01	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Eagle’s Nest (EAGL)	+2.026s After	-114.0 dBm	-3.50 dB	2	`74`	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:31 UTC	View
Villarejo01 (VIL1)	+2.442s After	-36.0 dBm	10.75 dB	2	`c6` d5c6	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:32 UTC	View
Quass001 ☄️ (Q001)	+2.534s After	-50.0 dBm	10.25 dB	3	`3a` Q005	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:32 UTC	View
X Wing 🚀 Kenobi (Knb2)	+8.286s After	-37.0 dBm	11.50 dB	3	`b5` Knb0	MediumFast	2025-12-18 04:11:38 UTC	View

27

Total Receptions

27

Unique Gateways